В дальнейшем Бем был доведён до бедности служебными и личными неудачами, и в 1799 г. он отправился в Лондон, надеясь получить финансовую поддержку от благодарной нации, – но тщетно.
Ключевые слова: Камчатка, северная часть Тихого океана, третье плавание Джеймса Кука, Магнус фон Бем, капитан Чарльз Кларк, Петропавловская гавань, англичане на Камчатке.
KAMCHATKAN CAMARA DERIE:
CAPTAIN COOK’S THIRD VOYAGE AND GOVERNOR MAGNUS VON BEHM
(Translated by Olga V. Efimova)
After Captain James Cook was killed by disaffected Hawaiians, his two ships put in to Kamchatka in the spring of 1779 for repairs and supplies before a second abortive attempt to find a Northwest Passage from Bering Strait to the North Atlantic, and returned to the peninsula in the summer. Petropavlovsk was a superb harbor but the remote, thinly populated, and weakly developed territory itself had little to offer the dispirited, underclothed, malnourished, and exhausted English seamen, apart from fish and timber; most provisions and manufactures had to be imported and were scarce and costly. Moreover, the Russians were suspicious of the expedition’s motives and fearful that it would break their lucrative monopoly on the North Pacific sea otter trade. Nevertheless, the Russian governor of Kamchatka, Magnus von Behm, came graciously and generously to the squadron’s rescue by ensuring (partly at his own personal expense) that it be sufficiently reoutfitted before returning to England via Canton. Thereafter Behm was impoverished by professional and personal misfortunes, and he travelled to London in 1799 in the hope of obtaining financial
relief from a grateful nation – but in vain.
Keywords: Kamchatka, North Pacific, Third Voyage of James Cook, Magnus Von Behm, Captain Charles Clerke, Petropavlovsk Harbor, the English in Kamchatka.
